Showing posts with label inventors. Show all posts
Showing posts with label inventors. Show all posts

Sunday, July 15, 2012

Mouries' Margarine

Oleo : Margarine on spoon Stock Photo
Photo of margarine on a spoon, where it should stay, courtesy 123rf.com

On this day in 1869 French chemist Hippolyte Mege Mouries (1817-1880) was granted a patent for margarine.  He developed this substitute for butter for a contest sponsored by Napoleon III.  Mouries coined the word margarine from the Greek word marganon, which means pearl, because in his experiments he isolated a substance that looked like pearls.

During the Industrial Revolution people migrated from farms to cities to work, which produced a shortage of butter in France.  So Napolean III sponsored the contest for producing a butter substitute, which Mouries won.

Margarine is vegetable oil or meat fats mixed with milk and salt, and dye to give it the yellow color.  Some people say margarine is better for you than butter.  Some people say butter is better for you than margarine.  I just say, "Please pass the butter."

For more information click here.  What did you learn today?

Tuesday, May 22, 2012

Abraham Lincoln's Patent

Dock : Young girl sitting in the dock of the lake
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

Abraham Lincoln invented a floating dry dock, and had it patented.  For more information click here.  What did you learn today?

Tuesday, May 15, 2012

Graham: Vegetarian Cracker?!

Graham Cracker : Graham cracker chocolate smores on white background
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

The graham cracker was invented in 1829 by Sylvester Graham (American, 1794-1851) for a high fiber addition to his vegetarian diet.  For more information click here.  What did you learn today?

Monday, May 14, 2012

From a Ship to the Toybox

Slinky : series object on white: isolated -Toy_spring
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

Richard James, the inventor of the Slinky, was a World War II naval engineer, who came up with the idea of using the spring as a toy while he was working with the springs on a ship.  For more information click here.  What did you learn today?

Friday, April 27, 2012

I Heard That!

Hearing Aid : Deaf man
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

On this day in 1880 the first patent for electrical hearing aids was issued.  For more information click here.  What did you learn today?

Tuesday, April 24, 2012

Google's Zipper

Zipper : illustration or zipper opening on blank background
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

Log onto to Google today, and you will see a zipper down the middle of the page.  Click & "unzip" to find out about the inventor of the zipper.

What did you learn today?

Friday, March 23, 2012

Paper Bag Beginnings

Grocery Bags : Hands holding a shopping paper bag full of groceries, one hand pick out ripe mango, avocado, asparagus, carrots, radish, lime and lemon on a white background
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

American botanist, educator, clergyman, and inventor Francis Wolle (1817-1893) invented the paper-bag-making machine in 1852.  American inventor Margaret Knight (1838-1914) invented the square-bottom paper-bag-folding machine in 1871.  For more information click here.

What did you learn today?

Tuesday, February 14, 2012

Sholes and QWERTY

Qwerty Keyboard : qwerty board
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

On this day in 1819, Christopher Latham Sholes, the inventor of the QWERTY keyboard, was born.  For more information click here.

Tuesday, February 7, 2012

Needlepoint VS. Airlines

Yarn Needle : macro of needle and red thread
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

If you're a needlepointer, like me, you need to carry some sort of cutting device with you to cut yarn.  However, airlines don't allow scissors or blades to be carried onto airplanes these days.  So, savvy needlepointers have come up with three ideas: 1)  carry an empty dental-floss case because the floss cutter built into the case will cut needlepoint yarn (this is what I have been doing), 2) carry nail-clippers, which will also cut needlepoint yarn, or 3) purchase this clever pair of tiny, short, round-tip scissors, called "Itty-Bitty Scissors" (this is what I want).

Thursday, January 26, 2012

Jethro Tull, Thick Bricks, and Seed Drills...

Drill And Brick : A man drilling a hole in the brick wall. Stock Photo
(Note:  This is not a seed drill.)
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

Earlier today I was talking with a farmer about the inventors of farming tools, when he mentioned that the seed drill was invented by Jethro Tull.  I responded "Jethro Tull?!  The rock group invented the seed drill?!"  The he explained to me that Jethro Tull (1674-1741) was an English agriculturist.  Then he explained that one of the English rock group's booking agents was a history buff, and he's the one who named the rock group after the agriculturist.

One of my favorite rock albums is Thick as a Brick by Jethro Tull, the rock group.  What's one of your favorite rock albums?  (You can leave comments below.)

Saturday, January 21, 2012

The Sun and Stains and Smells...oh yes, and Clothes!

Clothes Drying On A Line : Colorful clothes hanging to dry on a laundry line and sun shining in the blue sky.
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

Scientists in China have developed a combination of chemicals to apply to cotton cloth.  When this specially-treated cloth acquires stains and smells, a few hours of sitting in the sun removes the stains and smells.  They are calling clothes made out of this cloth "self-cleaning clothes".  For more information click here and click here.

I would definitely buy clothing made from this cloth.  Would you?  (You may leave comments below.)

Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Leonardo da Vinci's First Flying Machine

Flying machine – Ms B Fol 74v-75r
Photo of reconstruction of one of Leonardo da Vinci's flying devices courtesy www.leonardo3.net

On this day in 1496 Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) made his first attempt to launch a flying machine.  It was not successful, so he worked on the invention for several more years before he attempted another launch.  His first flying devices were based on the structure of birds' wings and bats' wings.  He also developed an idea for a helicopter-type device.  Click here to view reconstructions of several of his ideas for flying devices.

Leonardo da Vinci is one of history's most interesting persons for me.  I've read several biographies, and enjoy his paintings.  Who is one of your favorite historical persons and why?

Monday, January 2, 2012

The First Photograph of the Moon


The earliest extant photograph of the moon:  Draper, John W., “First Astronomical Photograph - Draper's Moon Daguerreotype,” Greenwich Village History, accessed January 6, 2012, http://aphdigital.org/GVH/items/show/119.

On this day in 1839, French photographer Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (17891851) took the first photograph of the moon.  This photograph was burned in the March 8, 1839 fire that destroyed Daguerre's laboratory.  The photograph was actually a daguerreotype, an early method of photography named after Louis Daguerre.  During this photographic process a silver-coated copper plate is treated with iodine vapor.  Prior to this invention, pictures of the moon for texts and articles had to be drawn by hand.

My favorite moon photos are those with astronauts walking around, because they make me imagine what that might feel like.  What are your favorite moon photos?

Thursday, December 29, 2011

Disk Music Boxes

Photo courtesy The Musical Box Society International

Photo courtesy AntiqueMusicBoxes.co.uk

I like antique disk music boxes.  I used to visit Rita Ford's Music Boxes shop when she was located in New York City, and enjoyed listening to the bell-like quality of the beautiful sound coming from these huge boxes, which can be as big as grandfather clocks.  Two of my favorite albums are recordings of Christmas music and opera music played on Rita Ford's disk boxes.  Not only do they produce beautiful music, but the wood boxes are quite beautiful too, with beautiful carving or beautiful inlay.

Disk boxes were popular at the turn of the 20th century, and quite affordable so many people had them in their homes.  The popularity didn't last long, however, due to the invention and subsequent popularity of the nickelodeon and the player piano, then the gramophone.

I knew that the huge disks were still being made in the mid-20th century, but had thought that they were no longer being made.  What I didn't know is that there has been a resurgence in the popularity of antique disk boxes, so much so that the disks are still being made and new boxes are now being made.

For more information about disk players and music boxes click here and click here and click here.

What is your favorite music box tune that you have heard?

Wednesday, December 28, 2011

History of Snow Globes


Photo courtesy FreeImagesLive.co.uk

No one knows who invented the snow globe, but they've been around since the early 1800's.  Early snow globes contained only water as the liquid and many still do, but in the 20th century sometimes glycerin began to be added to the water to slow down the falling snow and making the spectacle last longer.  For more information click here and click here.

My favorite snow globe that I own has an angel inside and a music box that plays Hark the Herald Angels.  What is your favorite snow globe that you have seen or owned?

Tuesday, December 27, 2011

History of the Kaleidoscope

Kaleidoscope : mosaic Stock Photo
Photo courtesy 123rf.com

The kaleidoscope was invented in 1816 by Sir David Brewster (1781-1868) of Scotland.  Brewster was a child prodigy, built a telescope at age 10, and entered the University of Edinburgh at age 12 where his primary studies were optics and the physics of light.  For more information click here.

I enjoy and have a few kaleidoscopes.  What do you collect?

Thursday, December 15, 2011

Tonight: Fornax!

Play video of Hubble Ultra Deep Field visualization
Hubble photo of Ultra Deep Field in Fornax Constellation courtesy SOS.NOAA.gov

Fornax Constellation











Photo of the constellation Fornax courtesy Chandra.Harvard.edu

Tonight in the northern hemisphere you may be able to see the three-star constellation Fornax--unfortunately it will be an overcast, rainy night where I live, so I won't be able to see it.

The fornax is a chemical furnace, or combustion furnace, created by French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794).  He named the furnace after Fornax, the Ancient Roman goddess of bread and baking.  French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713-1762) created the three-star constellation in 1752, and named it Fornax in honor of his friend, Lavoisier.

Did you see Fornax tonight?  Have you seen it before?  What was it like seeing it tonight?

Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Earliest Mechanical Calculator


Photo courtesy FreeImagesLive

The earliest attempt at designing a mechanical adding machine was probably by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), according to some of his notes found in 1967 in the National Museum of Spain.  The next two documented attempts were by the German Wilhelm Schickard (1592-1635) in 1623.  The location or existence of the two prototypes are unknown.

In 1642, the 18 year old Frenchman, Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), invented the first "arithmetical machine", and subsequently developed it further.  About 50 of these machines still exist.

Saturday, November 26, 2011

Mayonnaise


Photo courtesy FreeImagesLive.co.uk

Many people in the U.S. think the best part of Thanksgiving Dinner is the leftover-turkey salad that is made and usually used in sandwiches (for a change, try adding a little ground cumin--yum).  To make the salad you have to first make the mayonnaise from scratch--yes, I'm from The South, that's the 15 southern states in the United States (actually I'm from The Deep South: Alabama, aka "The Heart of Dixie").  If I'm not able to make mayonnaise from scratch (which is Never--I always make my mayo from scratch--I'm from The South, remember), then I would, of course, buy Hellmann's (The South, etc...).  When I lived in California the mayonnaise to buy was Best Foods, which is Hellmann's west of the Rockies.  A lot of people would say just about anything savory can taste better with mayonnaise on it.  I've even added a cup of mayo to a chocolate cake recipe, which made it more moist & delicious.

I've always wondered who developed the mayonnaise recipe, and how did they know--or did they know--that the chemical reaction of slowly dribbling oil into beaten eggs would not produce a drippy, oily mess but a fluffy, white emulsion that makes the tongue happy.

The most widely accepted story begins with the British rule of Port Mahon in 1756.  The French sent the infamous Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, 3rd Duc de Richelieu (1696-1788) to take the port.  During the course of the siege, the French ran short of supplies, but the Duc still wanted to host a banquet.  The Duc's chef decided to try whipping eggs and oil together to serve in place of the seasonings that they did not have, and it was a big hit.  The French won the Battle of  Port Mahon and returned home with, among other things, the new recipe named after the battle and called mayonnaise.

Below is my basic mayonnaise recipe, which is made in a food-processor and can be doubled.  There are endless variations, just try an internet search if you don't believe me.  Try adding a little onion powder to the recipe:  I swear it tastes like fried onion rings, and of course anything savory OR sweet tastes better fried, doesn't matter where you're from.

1 egg
2 egg-yolks
1 teaspoon Kosher salt
1 Tablespoon freshly squeezed lemon juice
1 & 1/3 cups Wesson vegetable oil

1.  Process eggs for one minute. 
2.  Add salt and juice and process for 30 seconds. 
3.  With processor running, add oil in a very tiny steady stream until all oil is used.

Friday, November 25, 2011

Art Films & Documentaries


Photo courtesy MovieGoods.com

Yesterday a friend and I were talking about our favorite documentary- and art-films and the usually-beautiful art-film houses where we've seen the films.  One of my favorite experiences was seeing Theremin:  An Electric Odyssey at the Towne Theatre in San Jose, California in the 1990's.  My friend said that he saw one of his favorite documentaries--Nikola Tesla: The Giant Who Lit the World--just the other day online for free, and that there are many documentary films that you can see online for free.  Go to the website of TopDocumentaryFilms.com to see the Tesla film, and to MotionEmpire.com to see the Theremin film, or any of your own favorite documentaries.